Table Two - Jungian Assumption 1
Jungian vs. Lumina Spark Assumptions
The left hand column shows the Jungian assumptions that have been used for several decades. The contrasting Big5 and Lumina Spark assertions are outlined in the right hand columns.
Jungian Assumption Number One |
Lumina Spark / Big5 Latest empirical research |
| A total of four factors can be used to define personality. Three of these four factors were explicitly defined by Jung back in 1921 in his seminal text 'Psychological Type'. |
A total of five factors are needed to define personality. |
| In particular, the first factor Jung called one's 'attitude' (introverted/extraverted) and the second and third factors Jung called 'functions' (sensing/intuition and thinking/feeling). | It turns out that the three factors Jung identified back in 1922 have indeed been validated by the Big5 research 80 to 90 years later. |
| The fourth and final factor was 'judging/perceiving' and although the terminology is Jungian, Jung himself never defined them as a separate personality dimension. However, tool providers have used the language to create another dimension that many find very useful in practice. |
The fourth factor added by tool providers has also been validated by the Big5 research. There is however, a fifth factor that needs to be incorporated. |

























